The Importance of Medical Check Ups to Monitor Your Health

The Importance of Medical Check Ups to Monitor Your Health. The public is not familiar with the term medical check up. Health care is an act to maintain health. Because after all prevention is better than cure, so everyone needs to understand these needs.

So do not be surprised if health practitioners recommend that routine medical tests. Especially for people who are aged over 40 years, the health check was as a necessity. With a medical check up with health problems would be detected early, so it can be done handling. Various forms of examination of the medical check-up, it can be a physical examination, laboratory, and ultrasonography (USG). According to Melanie Haiken: There are several forms of regular checks are required:

Cholesterol examination

Cholesterol is a type of protein in the blood that accumulates in the arteries. Knowing your blood cholesterol levels good for way to avoid heart disease. There are two types of cholesterol, namely: high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL). HDL is good for the health impact because it protects against heart disease. While LDL at risk of heart disease.
In good health, normal cholesterol levels less than 200 mg / dl, with optimal LDL of less than 100 m / dl and HDL over 60 mg / dl. Cholesterol screening should begin at age 20 years and is conducted every five years. However, if the examination shows poor condition, doctors generally recommend to perform a retest every 6 months to 1 year.

Blood pressure

Although simple, do blood tests on a regular basis, including the effort to maintain the health of present and future. Experts suggest that a person is able to keep blood pressure under normal conditions, namely in the number 120/80 mm / Hg. Because people who have high blood pressure or hypertension are at risk of heart attack and stroke. These checks can be done routinely, namely once a year.

Diabetes screening

Diabetes is included in the dangerous disease, especially if there is a family history of the disease. So at the age of 45 years, someone needs to care about the risk or symptoms of the disease. Diabetes screening is required so that the disease can be overcome before developing more severe. Examination should be performed every 3 years.

Bone Density Tests

The loss of bone strength or osteoporosis, including diseases that should not be ignored. At the age of 65 years, the risk of the disease menderika. Therefore, the necessary special examination called a dual-energy X-ray ((DXA). By doing so, the patient can immediately consult a doctor about an effort to maintain or restore bone density.

Vitamin D tests

Melanie also adds that vitamin D is an important nutrient that helps maintain bones, protect against cancer and other infections. One study showed that people who had low vitamin D levels high line heart attack.

When doing a blood examination, one can also determine the level of vitamin D in the blood. Normal vitamin D levels of more than 30 ng / ml. The doctors recommend annual tests in people aged 45 years and older.

Given the importance of maintaining health, some of these tests need to be done in a medical check up. However, not only the public can also make other, more in-depth examination such as screening to detect cancer risk, eye and hearing tests.

Healthy and Smart with Brain Gymnastics

Healthy and Smart with Brain Gymnastics. In order to function and work well, the brain requires the input of energy carried by the blood stream. When the blood flow from the heart and lungs is interrupted, then the performance of the brain was disrupted. Regular exercise could actually make the blood flow to the brain is always smooth. Brain gymnastics, one of them. Brain exercise aims to overcome learning difficulties. It turns out the brain exercises are not just for children, but for the elderly elderly alias too, should feel the benefits of brain exercise itself that can prevent dementia and help the recovery for stroke patients.

Brain exercises can be done anywhere, anytime and by anyone. Even brain exercise can already be given to babies aged 4 months to people who have elderly. To optimize the brain's neurons, not just any movement that could be done.
Therefore, in order to stimulate the neural development of the brain, some experts made a series of specific movements are integrated, and be termed as brain gymnastics aka Brain Gym.

Countries that sparked Brain Gym is the United States, and has several states have many adoptive including Indonesia. There are several ways to exercise the brain to be more healthy and intelligent in the morning before you start the activity, among other things:

1. In a seated or supine position

Place both hands on her stomach. Then do abdominal breathing until your palms pushed forward or upward. Repeat 10 times.

2. Under conditions of standing

Both hands do massage randomly at some point the chest and abdomen, he turned his head to the left and to the right. Perform the movement while interesting and exhale slowly 10 times.


3. In a standing position

Stretch both arms wide as possible. Close your eyes and imagine your left and right brain together. Do it while breathing slowly 10 times.

Before doing gymnastic movement brain, you should drink a glass of water. Good luck!

Benefits Drinking Water Lemon in the Morning

Benefits Drinking Water Lemon in the Morning. Many of us forget the importance of drinking two liters or eight glasses of water every day, especially for those who are in the air-conditioned office all day. Though water is essential for health. No doubt, sometimes drinking water can be very tedious.

This reduces boredom by adding a slice or lemon juice. Besides, it tastes fresh, lemon water has many useful benefits for the health of the body such as the following:

1. Helps normalize digestion

Lemon water that is taken with warm water will help digestion. Additionally, lemon water will help improve liver function, so that the process of digestion is better and healthier. Lemon also helps stimulate acid required in digestion.

2. Adding immunity

Lemon fruit is very high in vitamin C and ascorbic acid. Vitamin C can help reduce colds and ascorbic acid helps the absorption of iron which works to increase immunity.

3. Helps maintain the body's normal pH balance

PH unbalanced can lead to various diseases. While the consumption of lemon water can help rebalance the pH of the body, especially if often eat meat, cheese or drink alcohol.

4. Help detox

Lemon juice is a diuretic in nature, which means it can help the body remove toxins together with urine or feces waste products. Citric acid can also help maximize the enzyme produced by the liver.

5. Drinking water will make the body more energy

Dehydration can make skin dry and dull. Then help the skin become more beautiful by consuming lemon water regularly. Vitamin C present in lemon plays an important role maintaining healthy skin and acts as an antioxidant to reduce aging.

Drinking coffee in the morning can make the body's energy, but lemon water provides better benefits. People who have been taking lemon water in the end prefer lemon juice to make the body more energy throughout the day.

6. Keep your skin healthy and beautiful

Lemon as a natural antiseptic medicine. Consuming lemon water regularly can make your face look more radiant. Because vitamin C in the lemon has a function as an anti-aging, remove wrinkles and blackheads.

I applied to the area of the scar blemishes on the skin can be problematic.

Hummus: Surprising Food For Health

Hummus: Surprising Food For Health. The hummus was tasty dishes rich in essential minerals such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, iron and zinc which also provide a wide range of vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, and folic acid.

Delicious dish actually originated in the Middle East in the form of sauces made from chickpeas and tahini (sesame paste) often served with lemon juice, salt, fresh garlic, paprika, or olive oil.

This dish is found in countries such as Syria, Israel, Greece, Turkey, Lebanon, and Cyprus but most people around the world love it.


Here are the health benefits of hummus that may surprise you:

1. Keeping the digestive tract

One of the most important health benefits of hummus is that it can help you keep your digestive tract because it has a very high fiber content.

It could be said that this dish is basically a very tasty and healthy to get more fiber in your diet.

2. Has a lot of protein

Hummus has a very high amount of protein that can help you improve the health of bones, muscles, skin, and the health of your blood.

Of course, you can get all the protein of meat, but if you are vegetarian, then this is the best way to add some protein to your diet.

3. Help lower your bad cholesterol

Humus can even help you lower your cholesterol thanks to its main ingredient, namely beans, also known as garbanzo beans.

In general, nuts contain many nutrients that can help lower your cholesterol because they contain no saturated fat.

Beans are not only highly effective in preventing the build up of cholesterol in the blood vessels, they can also help you maintain proper blood sugar levels.


4. It can help you lose weight

Among the many health benefits of hummus, one of the most important is the fact that it can help you lose weight. This delicious dish is traditionally made with sesame seed butter (tahini) which contains quite a lot of monounsaturated fat.

These chemicals have the ability to help promote weight loss and they can reduce abdominal fat, for a monounsaturated fat is a very popular substitute for trans fats that cause weight gain.


5. Helps grow strong bones

Because of chickpeas and tahini both contain high amounts of calcium, humus can help the bones grow stronger. The health benefits of delicious and highly nutritious dish are very important for women who reach their golden years because their bones need calcium to avoid osteoporosis.

6. Help the healing process anemia

Hummus even can help relieve anemia with tahini, which is a good source of iron to help deliver oxygen to red blood cells. If you have iron deficiency and anemia, you can eat foods high in iron to help alleviate it.


7. The best choice for allergy sufferers

Hummus is also great for allergies because it is free of gluten, nuts, and milk. So, if you suffer from allergies, you should know that Hamas is a very tasty dish that you can consume without fear of allergies.

Food for Healthy Teeth

Food for Healthy Teeth. The teeth are one piece in the mouth, hard textured and serves to eat, chew and rip. The teeth are one of the important parts of the human body, because without our teeth will have difficulty in chewing food and also will reduce your confidence. Gigi is divided into several sections and each section has a different function.

The human teeth consist of several parts, including the tooth root or roots, tooth cavity (pulp), neck or neck of the tooth, the tooth bone (dentin), enamel, and dental cement. While various teeth are as follows:

• Molars: That tooth has three roots, its function is to chew and pulverize food.
• Small molars: That tooth has two roots, its function is to chew and grind the food.
• Teeth Fangs: Namely teeth have one root, its function is to rip the food.
• Dental Series: Namely teeth have one root, function to cut off and cut the food.

Teeth need a separate nutrients you should suffice, so that your teeth strong and clean. If the teeth are not cared for and given nutrients, the tooth will form the damaged and porous. In addition to brushing and flossing, dental care is also determined by the intake of food that we consume.

1. Nuts

Nuts are excellent for maintaining the health and strength of your teeth, because the nuts contain a lot of protein, calcium, vitamins, and minerals. The contents are good for the health of your teeth, so do not be afraid to eat nuts. You can eat almonds, peanuts, soybeans, and so forth.

2. Animal foods

Food derived from animals is good for the health of your teeth, such as fish, beef, and eggs. These foods contain vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus which is the best nutrition for your teeth.

3. Fruits and vegetables

In the world of health, consumption of fruits is highly recommended because it is good for maintaining your body's health umu, including to maintain the health of your teeth. Fruits contain antioxidants, fiber, vitamin C, good for your dental health. In addition, the fruit also serves to neutralize the acid and enzymes, and increase the production of saliva in the mouth so that oral hygiene is maintained. For example apples, pears, carrots, celery, spinach, and others.

4. Green tea

Green tea contains antioxidant polyphenols which serves to prevent cavities, bleeding gums, and also prevent the emergence of dental plaque. You can drink green tea every morning, in addition to boost immunity, your teeth will stay healthy and strong.

5. Dairy foods

Milk contains calcium and minerals that are good for dental health, and also has a low acidity level so as to prevent erosion of the teeth. You can drink milk (without sugar) or fermented milk (yogurt) every day to maintain the health of your teeth.

6. Unsweetened gum

Do you know what the benefits of chewing gum for dental health? Chewing gum without sugar / sweetener can maintain dental health, and also prevent tooth decay. In addition, the chewing gum will increase saliva production in the mouth so that oral hygiene is maintained.

7. Water

Water or mineral water you must drink every day, because it is good for your health and your teeth. Water can cleanse the mouth and saliva support for the work of important minerals deposited in the pores of the teeth. Water also makes the gums become supple and help clean up leftover food from between the teeth, which can lead to inflammation and bad breath are less savory.

Teeth healthy and strong is the dream of all people, to keep the health of your teeth by wiping it with brushing and flossing and eating healthy foods for your teeth.

Thus we convey information, may be useful for you all and thank you for reading this article.

Sunlight Morning The Healthy

SUNLIGHT MORNING THE HEALTHY. Morning and afternoon sun gives good benefits for health. For those whose activity is often in places closed, and there is no time for exposure to the sun. Take time approximately 5-10 minutes to bask in the sun, in order to obtain health benefits for your body.

Sunbathing to maintain health benefits agency

But basking in the morning or late afternoon promenade has great benefits especially in the supply of vitamin D in our bodies. By activity bask in the sun allows provitamin D under the skin can be changed easily into Vitamin D.

Vitamin D is produced from sun exposure can help the absorption of calcium is beneficial for bone density and strength of muscle movement. With adequate vitamin D that can maintain healthy bones and teeth. Besides Vitamin D also helped improve the respiratory system and boost the immune system.

Based on the findings of a scientist in Australia, recently known that exposure to sunlight can also protect the skin from DNA damage, in fact, the risk of DNA damage can be lowered to half.

The emergence of the effects of premature aging and dark spots on the face are a few examples of DNA damage to the skin. With the sun activity, allowing vitamin D is formed in the skin tissue and can prevent the effects arising from DNA damage.

Based on information from the Times of India, According to the results of another study also found that if the lack of exposure to light can reduce vitamin D substantially that of the body. If it happens to eat our body will be susceptible to disease. Dangerous diseases such as breast cancer, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, heart disease, depression is also associated with a deficiency of vitamin D.


The right time for sunbathing

The right time to sunbathe in order to get vitamin D is good for the body is when the morning or afternoon. At the time of sun exposure on the skin is not too overpowering. For the benefit of sunlight is only takes about 5-10 minutes. But when the rainy season, it is recommended to sunbathe much longer which is about 10-30 minutes every day. Meanwhile for those who have dark skin is recommended any longer, which is about 15-60 minutes each day.


Related Artice:

- Vitamin D - Nutrient

- About of Vitamin D

- Advantages as well as Features associated with Supplement D

- Supply of Meals That contains Supplement D

- Common Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms in Children and Adults

Tomato Soup to Reduce Hypertension

The latest news from the health world. Tomato soup that can contribute to cases of hypertension. This has been published in the journal of media nutrient metabolism and cardiovascular disease, the researchers Alexander Medina, from the Department of Nutrition and Bromatology Faculty of Pharmacy and Food and Nutrition Torribera UB Campus. He stated that hypertension is a common problem in society, affecting at least about 25% of world population and is the main factor leading cause of death in people in Europe and America. Then the new facts that have been published involving at least 4000 individuals were analyzed on a Mediterranean diet tend to be high-risk populations of developing cardiovascular disease as well as prevent the disease.

Fixing Diet and Improve Health

In the recommended consumption of tomato soup that contained tomatoes, cucumber, garlic, olive oil and others can reduce the pressure on the arteries. Alexander said that apparently tomato soup with content as it may reduce symptoms of hypertension in a person. According to Rosa M. Lamuela professor in charge of group research revealed that the consumption of salt in everyday circumstances that can cause an unstable arteries. Then in the tomato soup, some recipes abortion effect on arterial pressure in the body. However, a positive fact reveals that consuming tomato soup causes lower blood pressure than those not consuming tomato soup. On the grounds that the bioactive elements of tomato soup counteract the effect of salt into the body.

Vitamin C, polyphenols, and Carotene

If notice of tomato soup recipe, there are some content which is considered soups contain vitamin C, polyphenols, and carotenoids. According to Alexander that the tomato soup is very rich in vitamins C and polyphenols. It is very good in large quantities for healthy cardio system or your heart. With a sense, mix the tomato soup recipe is very important in its contribution to reducing the impact of stress on the vessel arterti caused by salt. Other researchers also checked using statistical techniques to determine the extent of consumption of tomato soup can reduce the risk of hypertension. According to Alexander Medina that in some patients, decrease hypertension using this tomato soup can be up to 27%.

This study was continued, with the hope that polyphenols can take an important role in the mechanism of action of reduced pressure in the arteries. Where the process is associated with an increase in nitric oxide is a molecule with vasodilating properties on the cardiovascular system. This is what will be the development of a very eagerly awaited in the science of cardiovascular disease and hypertension treatment. This has been reinforced by the ongoing research in the Department of Nutrition and Bromatology of UB, Food Technology Reference Clean Government of Catalonia (XARTA) and Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB). CIBER research group are also members of the network physiopathology Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) and RETICS, from the Carlos III Institute of Health.

So what exactly are the benefits of vitamin C for the body? In addition to recent studies that have been discussed above, there are other benefits of vitamin C for a healthy body. Ie as the common cold reliever. Then keep the body's immune system. Then as a good enough antioxidants counteract free radicals. Treating cataracts, maintain healthy skin, to prevent the risk of cancer. In addition, associated with hypertension that vitamin C healthy cardiovascular system as well as maintaining healthy pregnancy for pregnant women. For that consume vitamin C, especially above the tomato soup recipe to keep your hypertension.

source : http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/12/121214091026.htm

Overcoming Colds Disease with Vitamins

Just like our previous article about the disease and how to overcome cough. This time we will discuss about the common cold illnesses or vitamin treatment in a natural way. Disease colds more experienced people, both children, adults due to the climate in Indonesia is the dry season and the rainy make frequent temperature changes drastically. Not immune from virus attacks can withstand colds or influenza. Even sometimes colds accompanied by high fever. Activity even more disturbed when catching colds than just a cough. Here in this article will discuss disease management colds with vitamin that you can see everyday.

Avoid Generic Drugs, Switch to Vitamins

It was not an instant way like taking generic drugs. Because vitamin consumption can increase body immunity. What are the vitamins that you can consume during cold disease? First of vitamin C. The fruit most easily found that a lot of vitamin C are apples and oranges. Apples contain antioxidants is high enough and contains a lot of vitamin C. Then there are citrus fruits such as grapefruit. Or citrus in general that contain a lot of vitamin C to maintain stamina and immunity of the body. Then there's the pineapple fruit. Where this fruit contains bromelain which actively suppress coughs and loosen mucus on the flu and throat. Then there is vitamin E. For example both the papaya fruit. Where vitamin E reduces the tendency of the level of inflammation in the body. Because colds closely associated with lung inflammation or other respiratory system.

Supplements are also quite important if it turns out the fulfillment of your natural vitamins is not enough because you yourself busy enough to run a healthy living habits. It's just worth noting that taking vitamin supplements recommended by your doctor and use the instructions for use are in accordance with the instructions on the packaging paper. Vitamin supplements are usually more complex. Because in a tablet or capsule containing at least 10 kinds of vitamins are there. If you buy a multivitamin capsule. But if not, just want to buy supplements such as vitamin C alone. Then you will only meet the needs of your daily vitamin C but not with other vitamins.

Disadvantages of the use of supplements is you will not get the benefits of natural fiber from fruits and vegetables themselves. Because there is a natural benefits of fruit and vegetables in the form of a natural substance that can not be engineered by a product supplement. Then the lack of use of supplements is the presence of chemical preservatives that can not be avoided if the continuous use. This preservative can cause carcinogens.

Overcoming With Simpler Way

Many people exercise less. And fell ill. It's obvious right? Therefore multiply exercise. At least once a week was very pretty. With a duration of 30 minutes to 2 hours in the morning on weekends. Then multiply drinking water to keep yourself hydrated. Then avoid those who are stricken with flu-like illness using the same glass, or is in the same neighborhood. In order to spread colds and flu viruses are not widened. There should also diet. With the sense of eating nutritious foods and avoid a lot of fat and junk food. The latter is certainly to get a healthy body needs adequate rest, do not force yourself to work or play. Because the body also needs a rest.

If you want to find a natural source of vitamin C and vitamin E, you can read our other articles Food Sources of Vitamin C and Vitamin E. It contains a lot of vitamins and consumption Hopefully merger guidelines in this article tips can help you maintain better health.



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Multiple Sclerosis Support And Additional Information

Expert Health / Medical

Knowing that you have MS can be a tough thing for you and for those close to you. Advice about treatment, deal with the symptoms, and emotional aspects of management, is available through health professionals. Support networks for different individuals in each country and depend on the health care system of the institution, but you can access to:

Nerve specialist who will determine your diagnosis, your treatment of acute deterioration of natural and will be a reference if you or your doctor has a particular interest

Family doctor who can help you and your family to understand the effects of MS and that may be your experience related to health and lifestyle.

If you have specific problems you may be referred to appropriate specialists such as:

• Physiotherapists
• urologists
• psychologist
• therapist
• social workers
• advisory
• speech therapists
• dietitian
• Other services include
• Relief at home with practical jobs
• Advise you about financial management and assistance that may be required

Voluntary organizations

Voluntary organizations can provide advice, support, and practical assistance in some areas. National and local institutions MS in your state specializing in providing support for all people with MS. They can also tell you about other organizations that provide services, such as home care planning.

National Institute MS may have a lot of literature about MS that you can get for free. Many also have a helpline which can be accessed through a number of free services.

DO I HAVE TO TELLING FAMILY, FRIENDS, and BOS at THE WORK? AND WHAT SHOULD I TELL?

Deciding to tell or not that you have MS is your personal decision. For many people with MS, the disease itself is not always clearly visible, therefore there is a choice whether you want to cover the diagnosis or not. If you need practical help, either daily or at any time, it may mean you have to tell people close to you that you have MS. Your decision may depend on how your relationships with others and how you think about their reaction to the news.

Family

When you first find out that you have MS you may feel able to discuss it with the family. For many people, which is a relief if it can tell you about it. Before you discuss your diagnosis with your family members, you should consider your assumptions about how they will react. Generally, family members will be supportive. However, they may be sad to hear the news, especially if they did not know anything about MS. It would be very helpful if you have information pamphlets available to help you explain about MS and about how this disease affects you, to make sure they will understand this disease. You can decide not to tell your family if you think it will ruin your relationship or bring you to the unwanted statement regarding your condition.

Telling to Child

Maybe there is no point formally tell about MS to children who are still very small, but the important thing is that when questions were raised, their questions must be answered. Small children instinctively aware of the existence of a problem that is going on and that you're worried. You should be aware of this and understand that their behavior might sometimes be interrupted. Truth is almost never as scary as their own fear. A number of national institutions MS provides a booklet for children that can help you.

Telling to Teenage

Teen age kids need to be told but requires an approach more carefully. Although they may seem calm and indifferent, but they are actually very concerned. Their anxiety can be eliminated by the provision of information. Their concerns need to be addressed when it arises and they need to know that you want to talk to them when problems arise. Opportunity to read literature MS choice of national institutions in the country you can help.

Adolescents often feel that they should be treated like adults, and if they are not allowed to come to take responsibility for their family problems would feel hurt and angry, and as a result they will start to behave destructively. However, if their cooperation is supported, they will unexpectedly be mature and be a source of strength. Trying to keep your problem alone will not eliminate the anxiety your teen.

Telling to Parents

Telling parents about your diagnosis can also be difficult. It is difficult for parents to accept their diagnosis, and becomes very important to care about their feelings and needs. Parents can be very protective and some of them may feel that they are blamed.

When Children and Teenagers Suffering From MS

Parents of children or adolescents with MS face enormous responsibility as to what to tell the young people about the disease and how much information and responsibility can be given to the child. Many young people with MS are initially only slightly affected by this disease, and the parents, either for themselves or for the sake of the children, refused to reveal in general, for several years the effect is not clearly visible. During that time they hope the child / adolescent is able to mature into adulthood, finish school, have a career, and build a relationship.

Regular counseling advice relies on the idea that people diagnosed with MS are adults but, although not common, there are children and adolescents who suffer from MS. Although the immediate and complete disclosure of the nature of MS in general is good advice, but not always can be the right choice for a particular group of MS patients like this.

In the case of children under fifteen years of age, especially those experiencing minimal symptoms and minimal limitations, there are several explanations for the nature and prospects of the disease. Children truly realize that there is a problem that is happening, that come and go and often requires medical treatment - but parents can take responsibility for decisions and involvement with the medical side, and let the child continues to live a 'normal'.

In the case of adolescents (fifteen years and above), they are old enough to be involved in the reality of the disease and be involved in decisions that are determined by the parents, which is associated with the treatment, education, and so on. Nonetheless, it is important to remember that all adolescents are emotionally labile and has a fragile identity, and MS would be an additional burden that they have to shoulder.

Your Boss

The decision to tell your boss at work can affect your work. Maybe it will have the support or, in some cases, affect your career prospects unfairly. The legal provisions relating to candor in each country is different and you have to check it in the national MS organization in your country.

Benefits forthright

Tells about your diagnosis will be very comforting. Many people with MS say that 'hiding something will make us more depressed than storytelling'. Candor will also make it easier, if the need arises, to discuss workplace adjustments that may be required.

By explaining the problem, you will understand the reactions of others to the fact you have MS and how you are cared for and treated by co-workers. You will be able to relate honestly with others.

You will be free from concern that an employer or previous references may reveal not careful that you have a disability.

Your concerns to the proposed medical examination will be reduced, because you know that the work supervisor, insurance companies, and other parties related to the disease MS will alert you before the examination.

By telling your boss that you work with MS, you will find it easier to tell him and his co-workers on matters relating to the real nature of this disease. It also allows you to discuss with the employer about your condition changes in the future.

Disadvantages forthright

The fear of being discriminated against because of MS, for example do not get promoted, can not follow the training, and so on.

Fear of the reaction of co-workers or others.

Fear of losing your job or not offered the job (especially if it has happened before to you)

The fear that if there is something wrong happens to your job, then you are going to perceived incompetence as the cause.

WHAT SHOULD I SAY ABOUT MS THAT I SUFFERED?

Before telling other people that you have MS, you have to think in advance what they need to know. Many people who did not know the MS, or on the other hand know someone with MS but her symptoms are very different from you. Your community are the ones who are intimately connected with you and those that you usually know. Your family, friends, and employers naturally want to know what has happened to you, especially if you have symptoms that could be seen. They also may want to know what they can do to help you. If you are honest with people close to you, then you will receive help when you need it, you will also eliminate their fears and may find that they are very supportive.

You can start with a simple explanation about MS and how the disease affects you during this, so people will be aware of the possible practical support you need without imagining that MS pain that you are worse than the reality. If you possessed a standard explanation that you can use, then it will help to ensure that you feel confident to provide such information and that you give explanations are consistent. Certain common issues may have to be denied - for many people there is a stereotype about MS (for example, that all people with MS will end his life in a wheelchair) or misconceptions (eg, that the MS contagious). MS society has pamphlets and brochures that will facilitate the task. The casual acquaintance can be notified if it comes up in conversation or because you yourself want to let you know. In this case, it may not need a formal explanation.

Related Post:

Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis

The Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer

Doctors use a wide limits of diagnostic procedures and tests to diagnose lung cancer. It includes:

• History and physical examination may reveal the presence of symptoms or signs suspicious for lung cancer. In addition to questions about the symptoms and risk factors of developing lung cancer, doctors may detect signs of breathing difficulties, airway obstruction, or infections in the lungs. Cyanosis, a color of the skin and mucous membranes are bluish caused by insufficient oxygen in the blood, suggesting that lung function dikompromiskan. Likewise, changes in the fundamentals of nail tissue, known as clubbing, may also indicate lung disease.
• Chest X-ray is the first diagnostic step if the most common symptoms of lung cancer where it is present. Chest x-ray procedure often involves a picture of the back to the front of the chest and also a picture from the side. Procedures such as x-ray anywhere, chest x-ray exposes the patient briefly in a small amount of radiation. Chest x-rays may reveal suspicious areas in the lungs but was unable to determine whether these areas are cancerous. Especially, calcifying nodules in the lungs or benign tumors called hamartomas may be identified on a chest x-ray and mimicking lung cancer.
• CT (computerized axial tomography scan, or CAT scan) scans might be conducted on the chest, abdomen, and / or brain to examine both tumor and primary tumor spread. A CT scan of the chest may be ordered when x-rays are negative or do not get enough information about the extent or location of a tumor. CT scans are procedures for x-ray that combines various images (multiple images) with the help of a computer produces cross-sectional images of the body. The pictures are taken by an x-ray machine is a large donut-shaped at different angles around the body. An advantage of CT scans is that they are more sensitive than standard chest x-rays in detecting lung nodules. Sometimes contrast material into the blood given before the procedure to help describe the organs and their positions. A CT scan exposes the patient to a very small amount of radiation. The most common side effect is an adverse reaction to the contrast material is introduced into the blood that may have been given before the procedure. May occur itching, rash, or itching red spots and swelling (hives) is generally disappear fairly quickly. Anaphylactic reactions are severe (allergic reactions to life-threatening breathing difficulties) to the contrast material is rare. CT scans of the abdomen may identify cancers that spread within the liver or adrenal glands, and CT scans of the head may be ordered to reveal the presence and extent of cancer spread (metastatic cancer) in the brain.
• A technique called a low-dose helical CT scan (or spiral CT scan) is sometimes used in screening (screening) lung cancers. This procedure requires a special type of CAT scanners and has been demonstrated as an effective tool for detecting cancer-small lung cancer in smokers and former smokers. However, has not been proven whether the use of these techniques actually save lives or reduce the risk of death from lung cancer. Heightened sensitivity of this method is actually one of the sources of its shortcomings, because lung nodules that require further evaluation will be seen in approximately 20% of people with this technique. Of nodules identified by low-dose helical screening CTs, 90% is not cancerous but require up to two years of tests and follow-ups are expensive and often not fun. Experiments are underway to further ensure the use of spiral CT scans in screening (screening) of lung cancer.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans might be proposed if the exact details about the location of the tumor required. MRI technique uses magnetism, radio waves, and a computer to produce images of body structures. As with CT scanning, the patient is placed on a moveable bed that is inserted into the MRI scanner. No side effects are known from an MRI scan, and there is no exposure to radiation. The image and resolution produced by MRI is quite detailed and can detect tiny changes of structures within the body. People with hyper-pacemaker (heart pacemakers), for investments of metal (metal implants), artificial heart valves (artificial heart valves), and structures that can not be surgically implanted in the scan with an MRI because of the risk magnet may move the metal parts of these structures.
• Positron emission tomography (PET) scanning is a specialized imaging technique that uses radioactive elements that have short life to produce color images of three-dimensional elements that function in the body. Where CT scans and MRI scans look at anatomical structures, PET scans measure metabolic tissue function and activity. PET scans can determine whether a tumor tissue is actively growing and can assist in ensuring the type of cells in a particular tumor. In PET scanning, patients receiving a drug that is a short-lived radioactive half and received roughly the amount of radiation exposure such as with two chest x-ray. Drugs issued positrons from anywhere they are used in the body. When the positrons encounter electrons within the body, a reaction producing gamma rays occurs. A scanner records these gamma rays mapped dam areas where the drug is placed. For example, combining glucose (a common source of energy in the body) with a radioactive element will show where glucose is being used in a growing tumor.
• Bone scans are used to create images of bones on a computer screen or on film. Doctors may order a bone scan to determine whether a lung cancer has spread to the bones. In a bone scan, a small amount of radioactive material is injected into the bloodstream and collects in the bones, especially in abnormal areas as involved by spreading tumors (metastatic tumors). Radioactive material is detected by a scanner, and the images of the bones is recorded on a special film for permanent observation.
• Sputum cytology: The diagnosis of lung cancer always requires confirmation of malignant cells by a pathologist, even when the symptoms and studies x-rays suspicious for lung cancer. The simplest method to establish the diagnosis is sputum examination under a microscope. If a tumor is found centrally and has invaded the streets of the air, this procedure, known as an examination of sputum cytology, may allow visualization of the tumor cells for diagnosis. It is a network diagnostic procedure least risky and expensive, but its value is limited because tumor cells are not always present in the sputum, even if it was a tumor is present. Also, the cells are not cancerous you may occasionally run perubahn-change in response to inflammation or injury that makes them look like cancer cells.
• Bronchoscopy: Examination of the airway by bronchoscopy (visualization of airways through a thin tube inserted through the nose or mouth) may reveal areas of tumor that can be sampled for pathological diagnosis. A tumor in the central areas of the lung or arising out of the streets larger air can be accessed to sample using this technique. Bronchoscopy may be implemented using a fiberoptic bronchoscope premises rigid or flexible and can be implemented indoors for outpatient bronchoscopy on the same day, an operating room, or a hospital room. The procedure can be unpleasant and require sedation or anesthesia. Where this procedure is relatively safe, this procedure must be performed by a lung specialist (pulmonologist or surgeon) who is experienced in this procedure. If a tumor has been visualized and taken quite example, an accurate diagnosis of cancer is usually possible. Some patients may cough up dark brown blood for one to two days after the procedure. Complications are more serious and rarely include a greater amount of bleeding, decreased levels of oxygen in the blood, and cardiac arrhythmias as well as complications from sedatives and anesthesia.
• Needle biopsy: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) through the skin, most commonly performed with radiological images for guidance, it may be worthwhile to get the cells back to the diagnosis of tumor nodules in the lung. Needle biopsies are helpful especially when lung tumors located around the lung and is not accessible to sampling by bronchoscopy. A small amount of local anesthetic is administered before insertion of a thin needle through the chest wall into the area of abnormal lung. Cells are sucked into the atomizer (syringe) and examined under a microscope for tumor cells. This procedure is generally accurate when the tissue of the affected area in the sample (sampled) to taste, but in some cases, adjacent areas, or who are not involved in the sample of the lung may be wrong. A small risk (3% -5%) of air leaks from the lung (called a pneumothorax, which can be easily treated) accompanies this procedure.
• Thoracentesis: Sometimes lung cancers involve the lining tissue of the lungs (pleura) and lead to an accumulation of fluid in the space between the lung and the chest wall (called a pleural effusion). Aspiration of a sample of this fluid with a thin needle (thoracentesis) may reveal cancer cells and determine the diagnosis. Just as needle biopsy, a small risk of a pneumothorax associated with this procedure.
• Primary Operating Procedures: If none of the above methods produce a diagnosis, methods of operation must be done to obtain tumor tissue for diagnosis. It can include mediastinoscopy (examining the chest cavity between the lungs through a surgically inserted examination by biopsy of the tumor mass -massa or lymph nodes) or (surgical opening of the chest wall with removal of the tumor as much as possible). Thoracotomy are rarely able to fully lift a lung cancer, and both mediastinoscopy and thoracotomy carry the risks of major surgical procedures (such as bleeding complications, and the risks of anesthesia and drugs). This procedure is performed in an operating room, and the patient must stay in the hospital.
• Blood tests-ice: When routine blood tests alone can not diagnose lung cancer, they may reveal abnormalities or metabolic-biochemical kelaianan in the body that accompany cancer. Contohna, calcium levels or enzymes increased alkaline phosphatase may accompany cancer that spreads to the bones. Likewise, the levels of certain enzymes that are normally present in liver cells increased, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST or SGOT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT or SGPT), signal liver damage, possibly through the presence of tumor spread.

Increased Lung Cancer

The level of a tumor refers to the extent of a cancer has spread in the body. Increased involves both the evaluation of the size of a tumor and the presence or absence of dissemination areas in the lymph nodes or to other organs. The increase is important for determining how a particular tumor to be treated, since lung cancer therapies matched to the level of tumor-specific level. Increased tumor is also critical in estimating the prognosis of a patient, with tumors higher levels generally have a worse prognosis than tumors of lower level.

Doctors may use several tests to accurately load levels of a lung cancer, including laboratory tests (blood chemistry), x-rays, CT scans, bone scans, and MRI-scans.tes abnormal blood chemistry tests may indicates the presence of cancer spread places in bone or liver, and radiological procedures can document the size of a tumor and also the possible spread to other organs.

NSCLC are given a level of I to IV in order of severity:

• At level I, the cancer is confined to the lung.
• At level II and III, the cancer is confined to the chest (with tumors that are larger and more invasive are classified as level III).
• Level IV cancer has spread away from the chest to other parts of the body.

SCLC enhanced using a system composed of two:

• Level SCLC refers to cancer that is confined to a limited area of ​​origin within the chest.
• At the level of extensive SCLC, the cancer has spread beyond the chest to other parts of the body.

Caring for Lung Cancer

Treatment for lung cancer can involve surgical removal of the tumor, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy, as well as combinations of these methods. The decision about which treatments will be appropriate for a given individual must consider the location and size of the tumor as well as the overall health status of the patient.

As with other cancers, therapy may be prescribed with the intention of cure (removal or eradication of a cancer) or relieve / alleviate (actions that are not able to cure a cancer but can reduce pain / pain and suffering). More than one type of therapy may be prescribed. In such cases, the therapy that is added to magnify the effects of the primary therapy is referred to as adjuvant therapy. An example of adjuvant therapy is chemotherapy or radiotherapy were included after surgical removal of a tumor in order to ensure that all tumor cells have been eradicated.

Operation: The surgical removal of the tumor is generally performed for limited level (level I or level II sometimes) NSCLC and is the treatment of choice for cancer that has not spread beyond the lung. Approximately 10% -35% of lung cancers can be removed surgically, but removal does not always result in a cure, since the tumors may have spread and can recur at a later time. Among people who have an isolated lung cancers grow slowly and which has been removed, 25% -40% are still alive five years after diagnosis. Operation is not possible if the cancer terlau close to the trachea or if the person has other serious conditions (such as heart disease or lung weight) that would limit their ability to tolerate an operation. Surgery less often performed with SCLC because these tumors are less likely located in the area that can be removed.

The surgical procedure chosen depends upon the size and location of the tumor. Surgeons must open the chest wall and may perform a wedge resection of the lung (removal of a portion of one lobe), a lobectomy (removal of one lobe), or a pneumonectomy (removal of an entire lung). Sometimes lymph nodes in the region of the lungs are also removed (lymphadenectomy). Surgery for lung cancer is a major surgical procedure that requires general anesthesia, hospital stay and follow-up care for weeks to months. After the surgical procedure, patients may experience difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, pain, and weakness. The risks of surgery include complications due to bleeding, infection, and complications of general anesthesia.

Radiation: Radiation therapy may be done as a treatment for both NSCLC and SCLC. Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells that divide / split. Radiation therapy may be given as a therapeutic cure (curative therapy), therapy that alleviates (palliative therapy) or as adjuvant therapy to surgery or chemotherapy. Radiation given externally, to make use of a machine that directs radiation at the cancer, or internally through placement of radioactive elements in the boxes are sealed within this area of ​​the body where the tumor is located. Brachytherapy is a term used to describe the use of a small grain of radioactive meteri placed directly into the cancer or into the airway near the cancer. This is usually done through a bronchoscope. A type of external therapy called the "gamma knife" is sometimes used to treat cancer spread places in a single brain. In this procedure, multiple beams of radiation focused on the tumor light for a few minutes to a few hours when the head is held in place by a rigid frame. Radiation therapy can be given if a person refuses surgery, if a tumor has spread to areas such as the lymph nodes or trachea making surgical removal impossible, or if a person has other conditions that make them too ill to perform major surgery . Radiation therapy generally only shrinks a tumor or limits its growth when given as a sole therapy, yet in 10% -15% of people it leads to cancer remission and long-term relief. Combining radiation therapy with chemotherapy can further increase the chances of survival when chemotherapy is administered. External radiation therapy can generally be carried out on an outpatient basis where internal radiation therapy requires a brief hospitalization. A person who has severe lung disease in addition to a lung cancer may not be able to receive radiotherapy to the lung.

For external radiation therapy, a process called simulation is necessary prior to treatment. Using CT scans, computers, and precise measurements, simulation map the exact location where the radiation will be given, called the treatment field. This process usually takes 30 minutes to two hours. External radiation treatment itself generally is done four or five days a week for several weeks.

Radiation therapy does not carry the risks of major surgery, but it can have side effects including fatigue unpleasant and lack of energy. A reduced white cell count (makes a person more susceptible to infection) and blood platelet levels are low (making blood clotting more difficult) can also occur with radiation therapy. If the digestive organs are in the field of radiation exposure, patients may experience nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Radiation therapy can irritate the skin in the treated area, but this irritation generally improves with time after treatment has been completed.

Chemotherapy: Both NSCLC and SCLC may be treated with chemotherapy. Chemotherapy refers to the administration of drugs that stop the growth of cancer cells by killing them or preventing them from splitting / dividing. Chemotherapy may be given alone, as an adjuvant to surgical therapy, or in combination with radiotherapy. Where a number of chemotherapeutic drugs have been developed, based on the drugs that platinum has been the most effective in treatment of lung cancers.

Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for most SCLC, since these tumors are generally widespread in the body when they are diagnosed. Only half of people who have SCLC is still alive for four months without chemotherapy. With chemotherapy, their survival time is increased four to five times. Chemotherapy alone is not particularly effective in treating NSCLC, but when NSCLC has spread, it can prolong survival in many cases.

Chemotherapy may be given as pills, as an infusion administered intravenously, or as a combination of both. Chemotherapy treatments are usually given in an outpatient procedure. A combination of drugs is given in a series of treatments, called cycles, over a period of weeks to months, with breaks between cycles. Unfortunately, the drugs used in chemotherapy also kill cells that divide normally in the body, resulting in side effects were not fun. Damage to blood cells can result in increased susceptibility to infections and difficulties with blood clotting (bleeding or bruising easily). Other side effects include fatigue, weight loss, hair loss, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and mouth sores. The side effects of chemotherapy vary according to the dosage and combination of drugs used and may also vary from individual to individual. Drugs have been developed that can treat or prevent many of the side effects of chemotherapy. These side effects generally disappear during the recovery phase of the treatment or after its completion.

Brain prophylactic radiation: SCLC often spreads to the brain. Sometimes people with SCLC that is responding well to treatment are treated with radiation therapy to the head to treat very early spread to the brain (called micrometastasis) that is not yet detectable with CT or MRI scans and still not produce symptoms. Brain radiation therapy can cause problems of short-term memory, fatigue, nausea and other side effects.

Recurrence Treatment: Lung cancer returning after treatment with surgery, chemotherapy, and / or radiation therapy is called recurrence (recurrent or relapsed). If a recurrence of cancer is confined to one site in the lung, it may be treated with surgery. Relapsed tumors generally do not respond to chemotherapy drugs previously entered. Because of the drugs commonly used platinum-based chemotherapy in early of lung cancers, these agents are not useful in most cases of recurrence. A type of chemotherapy referred to as second line chemotherapy is used to treat recurrent cancers that have previously been treated with chemotherapy, and a number of ways the second line chemotherapy has been shown to be effective in the extension of survival. People with recurrent lung cancer who are well enough to tolerate therapy are also good candidates for experimental therapies, including clinical trials.

Targeted therapy: One alternative to standard chemotherapy is the drug erlotinib (Tarceva) which may be used in patients with NSCLC who are no longer responding to chemotherapy. He is what is called targeted drug ang (targeted drug), drug suau more specifically targeted / directed at cancer cells, resulting in less damage to normal cells. Erlotinib targets a protein called the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that helps cells to divide. This protein is found at high levels on the surface of some of abnormal types of cancer cells, including many cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Erlotinib is taken by mouth in pill form.

Other attempts at targeted therapy include drugs known as antiangiogenesis drugs, which block the development of new blood vessels within a tumor. Antiangiogenic drug bevacizumab (Avastin) has recently found to prolong survival in advanced lung cancer when it is added to the standard chemotherapy ways. Bevacizumab is given intravenously every two to three weeks. However, since this drug may cause bleeding, it is not suitable for use in patients who are coughing up blood, if the lung cancer has spread to the brain, or in people who are receiving therapy prevents clotting (anticoagulation therapy, blood thinning medications ). Bevacizumab is also not used in cases of squamous cell cancer, because it leads to bleeding from this type of lung cancer.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT): One newer therapy used for different types and stages of lung cancer (as well as some other cancers) is photodynamic therapy. In photodynamic treatment, a photosynthesizing element (such as a porphyrin, a naturally occurring element in the body) is injected into the bloodstream a few hours prior to surgery. During this time, these elements put himself selectively to cells that grow rapidly like cancer cells. A procedure then followed in which doctors use a light with a specific wavelength through a hand-held wand directly to the site of the cancer and surrounding tissues. The energy of the light activates the photosensitizing element, causing the production of a toxin that destroys the tumor cells. PDT has the advantages that it can precisely where the target of the location of the cancer, is less invasive than surgery, and can be repeated at the same place if necessary. Weaknesses of PDT is that it is only useful in treating cancers that can be reached with a light source and is not suitable for treatment of extensive cancers / extensive. Research is ongoing to further determine the effectiveness of PDT in lung cancer.

Experimental therapies: Since no therapy is currently available that is absolutely effective in treating lung cancer, patients may be offered a number of new therapies that are still in the experimental status, which means that doctors do not already have enough information to decide whether the therapy this -terapi forms must be received for treating lung cancer. New drugs or new combinations of drugs are tested in so-called clinical trials, which are studies that evaluate the effectiveness of new treatments compared with treatments that have been used extensively. Experimental treatments known as immunotherapies are being studied that involve the use of therapies related to vaccines or other therapies that attempt to use the body's immune system to fight cancer cells.

Lung Cancer Prognosis

The prognosis of lung cancer refers to the opportunity for healing and depending on the location and size of the tumor, presence of symptoms, lung cancer types, and circumstances of the patient's overall health.

SCLC has the most aggressive growth of all lung cancers, with a median survival time (figures are in the midst) of only two to four months after diagnosis if not treated. (It was at two to four months of half of all patients had died). However, SCLC is also the type of lung cancer most responsive to radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Because SCLC spreads quickly and is usually poured at the time of diagnosis, methods such as surgical removal or radiation therapy is effective in treating locally reduced this tumor type. However, when chemotherapy is used alone or in combination with other methods, survival time can be extended four to five times. Of all patients with SCLC, only 5% -10% are still alive five years after diagnosis. Most of those who survived (longer life) have a limited degree of SCLC.

In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the results of standard treatment are usually whole ugly but most localized cancers can be removed surgically. However, at the level I cancers that can be completely removed, the five-year survival rate can approach 75%. Radiation therapy can produce a cure in a minority of patients with NSCLC and leads to the liberation of symptoms in most patients. At the rate the disease progresses, chemotherapy offers improved survival time being, although the numbers overall survival ugly.

The overall prognosis for lung cancer is poor when compared with some other cancers. Survival figures for lung cancer are generally lower than those for most cancers, with an overall rate of five-year survival for lung cancer by 16% compared with 65% for colon cancer, 89% for breast cancer, and more of 99% for prostate cancer.


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Did You Know The Danger Of Lung Cancer?

CAUSES OF LUNG CANCER

Smoking

Incidence of lung cancer is strongly associated with cigarette smoking, with about 90% of cancer-lung cancer arising as a result of tobacco use. The risk of lung cancer increases with the number of cigarettes smoked over time; doctors refer to this risk in terms of annual packs of smoking history (the number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day multiplied by the number of years of exploitation). For example, a person who has smoked two packs of cigarettes per day for 10 years has a 20 pack year history. When the risk of lung cancer increases even with a 10 pack year smoking history, those with histories of 30 pack years or more is considered to have the greatest risk of developing lung cancer. Among who smoke two or more packs of cigarettes per day, one in seven will die of lung cancer.

Pipe and cigar smoking can also cause lung cancer, although the risk is not as high as with cigarette smoking. Where a person who smokes one pack of cigarettes per day has a risk of developing lung cancer is 25 times higher than the non-smokers, smokers of pipes and cigars have a risk of lung cancer is approximately 5 times than someone who does not smoke.

Tobacco smoke contains over 4,000 chemical compounds, many of which have been shown to cause cancer, or carcinogenic. Two-carcinogenic carcinogenic tobacco smoke in the main are chemicals known as nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The risk of developing lung cancer decreases each year due to smoking cessation as normal cells grow and replace damaged cells in the lung. In former smokers, the risk of developing lung cancer begins to approach that of a nonsmoker about 15 years after cessation of smoking.

Passive smoking

Asbestos fibers are silicate (silicate fibers) that can persist for a lifetime in lung tissue following exposure to asbestos. The workplace is a common source of exposure to asbestos fibers is common, because asbestos is widely used in the past for both the as heat insulation materials and acoustic. Today, asbestos use is limited or banned in many countries, including the United States. Both lung cancer and mesothelioma (a type of cancer of the pleura or lining of the abdominal cavity called the peritoneum) are associated with exposure to asbestos. Mehisap smoking dramatically increases the likelihood of developing a lung cancer associated with asbestos-exposed workers. Asbestos workers who do not smoke have a risk of developing lung cancer five times than non-smokers, and asbestos workers who smoke have a risk of 50 to 90 times greater than nonsmokers.

Radon Gas

Radon gas is a noble gas and natural chemical which is a breakdown product of natural uranium. He broke / crushed form products that emit a type of radiation that ionizes. Radon gas is a known cause of lung cancer, with an estimated 12% of lung cancer deaths attributable to radon gas, or 15,000 to 22,000 deaths associated with lung cancer each year in the United States, making radon the second leading cause of cancer lung in America. As with exposure to asbestos, smoking is simultaneously a very large increase lung cancer risk with exposure to radon. Radon gas can move through the soil and into the house through the gaps between the foundations, pipes, ducts, or other open places. The US Environmental Protection Agency estimates that one out of every 15 homes in America contain levels of radon gas are dangerous. Radon gas is invisible and odorless, but it can be detected with test boxes that simple.

The Tendency of Family

When the majority of lung cancers are associated with tobacco smoke, the fact that not all smokers eventually develop lung cancer suggests that other factors, such as individual genetic sensitivity, may play a role in causing lung cancer. Many studies have shown that lung cancer is likely to occur in both brothers were smoking or not smoking those who have had lung cancer than the general population. Recent research has localized a region on the long arm of human chromosome number 6 that is likely to contain a gene that confers an increased susceptibility to develop lung cancer in smokers.

Lung Diseases

The presence of certain lung diseases, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is associated with a slightly increased risk (four to six times the risk of a nonsmoker) for developing lung cancer even after the effects of cigarette smoking has been eliminated simultaneously.

Previous history of Lung Cancer

The people who survived lung cancer have a greater risk than the general population of developing a second lung cancer. The survivors of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs, see below) have an additional risk of 1% -2% per year developing a second lung cancer. In those survivors of small cell lung cancers (SCLCs), the risk of developing second cancers approaches 6% per year.

Air Pollution

Air pollution from vehicles, industry, and places of power generation (electricity) can increase the likelihood of developing lung cancer in exposed individuals. Up to 1% of lung cancer deaths are caused by breathing polluted air, and experts believe that prolonged exposure (long) at a very high polluted air can carry a risk similar to that of passive smoking to develop lung cancer.

The types of Lung Cancer

Lung cancers, also known as bronchogenic carcinomas ("carcinoma" is another term for cancer), broadly classified into two types: small cell lung cancers (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). This classification is based on the microscopic appearance of the cancer cells themselves. The two types of cancers grow and spread in different ways, so a distinction between these two types is important.

SCLC accounts for approximately 20% of cancers of the lungs and is the most aggressive and rapidly growing of all lung cancers-lung. SCLC is very strongly associated with cigarette smoking, with only 1% of these tumors that occur in non-smokers. SCLC spreads rapidly to many sites within the body and are most often discovered after they have spread extensively. Referring to a specific cell type often seen in SCLC, these cancers are sometimes called oat cell carcinomas.

NSCLC lung cancers are most common yan, covering approximately 80% of all cancers of the lungs. NSCLC has three main types are named based on the type of cells found in the tumor:

• Adenocarcinomas are the most common type of NSCLC seen in America and covers up to 50% of NSCLC. Where adenocarcinomas are associated with smoking like other lung cancers, this type is especially observed also in non-smokers who develop lung cancer. Most adenocarcinomas arise in the outer areas or around the lungs. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma is a subtype of adenocarcinoma that frequently develops at different places in the lungs and spreads along the walls of Alveo who have been there before.
• Squamous cell carcinomas were formerly more common than adenocarcinomas; this time, they cover approximately 30% of NSCLC. Also known as epidermoid carcinomas, squamous cell cancers arise most frequently in the central chest in the bronchi fig.
• Large cell carcinomas, sometimes referred to as carcinoma-carcinoma indistinguishable (undifferentiated carcinomas), type of NSCLC is the most common.
• Mixtures (mixture) of the types of different NSCLC were also found.

Other types of cancers can arise in the lung; these types are much less common than NSCLC and SCLC and together cover only 5% -10% of cancer-lung cancer:

• Bronchial carcinoids include up to 5% of cancer-lung cancer. These tumors are generally small (3-4 cm or less) when diagnosed and occur most commonly in people under the age of 40 years. Not associated with cigarette smoking, carcinoid tumors can spread, and a small portion of these tumors removing elements that mimic hormones. Carcinoids usually grow and spread more slowly than bronchogenic cancers, and many are detected early enough to agree on resection surgery.
• Cancers of supporting lung tissue such as smooth muscle, blood vessels, or cells involved in the immune response can rarely occur in the lung.

As discussed previously, the cancers that spread (metastastatic cancers) from other primary tumors in the body are often found in the lungs. Tumors from anywhere in the body may spread to the lungs through one of the bloodstream or lymphatic system, or directly from nearby organs. Tumors spread (metastatic tumors) most many, scattered throughout the lung, and concentrated in areas surrounding organs rather than in the center.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF LUNG CANCER

The symptoms of lung cancer varies depending on where and how wide spread of the tumor. Warning signs of lung cancer are not always present or easy to identify. A person with lung cancer may have a variety of the following symptoms:

• No symptoms: In up to 25% of people who get lung cancer, cancer is first discovered on a chest x-ray and CT scans on a regular basis as an isolated small mass sometimes called a coin lesions (coin lesion) . These patients with single masses often report no small symptoms of lung cancer at the time it was found.
• Symptoms related to the cancer: cancer Pertumubuhan and assault (invasion) of lung tissues and surroundings may interfere with breathing-environment, leading to symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, wheezing (wheezing), chest pain, and coughing blood (hemoptysis). If the cancer has invaded nerves, for example, it may cause shoulder pain that moves down the outside of the arm (called Pancoast's syndrome) or paralysis of the cords leading to hoarseness suaru (hoarse). Attack the esophagus may lead to difficulty swallowing (dysphagia). If a large airway is obstructed, mengempisnya portion of the lung may occur and cause infections (abscesses, pneumonia) in the obstructed area.
• Symptoms related to metastasis: Lung cancer that has spread to the bones may produce excruciating pain at the sites of bone involved. Cancer that has spread to the brain may cause a number of neurological symptoms that may include blurred vision, headaches, attacks (seizures), or symptoms of stroke such as weakness or numbness in parts of the body.
• Paraneoplastic symptoms: Lung cancers are often accompanied by so-called paraneoplastic syndromes that result from the production of the elements that resemble hormones by the tumor cells. Paraneoplastic syndromes occur most commonly with SCLC but may be seen with any tumor type. A common paraneoplastic syndrome associated with SCLC is the production of a hormone called adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) by the cancer cells, leading to excessive secretion of cortisol by the adrenal glands (Cushing's syndrome). Paraneoplastic syndromes (paraneoplastic syndrome) is most often seen with NSCLC is the production of a substance similar to parathyroid hormone, resulting in calcium levels are increased in the blood stream.
• Nonspecific symptoms: Nonspecific symptoms seen with many cancers, including lung cancer include weight loss, weakness, and fatigue. Psychological symptoms such as depression and mood changes are also common.

When to consultation on a doctor?

A person should consult with a health care provider if they develop symptoms associated with lung cancer, especially if they have:

• a new persistent cough or worsening of an existing chronic cough,
• blood in the sputum,
• persistent bronchitis or respiratory infections repeatedly,
• chest pain,
• weight loss that can not be described and / or tiredness, and / or,
• benapas difficulties such as shortness of breath or wheezing (wheezing).

VITAMIN B TO PREVENT LUNG CANCER

Cessation of smoking is a step / action of the most important that can prevent lung cancer. Many products, such as nicotine gum, nicotine sprays, nicotine inhalers or inhaler, may be beneficial for people who are trying to quit smoking. Shrink exposure to passive smoking is also an effective preventative measure. Using a home radon test box can identify and allow correction of radon levels in homes increase, which also can cause lung cancers. Method-a method that allows the early detection of cancers, such as low-dose helical CT scans, may also be helpful in identifying small cancers that can be cured by surgical resection and prevention of widespread cancer and is incurable.

A recent study states that certain types of diets containing vitamin B can also help prevent lung cancer.

This study was conducted in France with funding from World Cancer Research Fund and the European Commission.

The study was based on the fact that vitamin B has set sisntesis gene function and maintain the integrity of the DNA in the cells of the body.

Any disruption in the function of a gene can invite carcinogenesis (cancer development process).

The study included 519 978 participants were asked to fill out a standard questionnaire with questions about their diet. Of this number, 385 747 participants provided blood samples.

Participants were divided into two groups: Case: people with lung cancer and control: who does not have cancer.

The researchers measured the content of B vitamins include vitamin B2, B6, B9, and B12, in a blood sample and a chemical called cotinine (an indicator of smoking intensity).

In the first group (cases) contained levels of vitamin B in the same blood between former smokers and never-smokers. But the level of vitamin B was lower in active smokers.

Blood smokers also have high levels of vitamins B6, B9 and B12 were lower than non-smokers.

From studies observed a decrease in lung cancer risk with increased levels of vitamin B6 and methionine in the blood.

The researchers concluded vitamin B6 and methionine may reduce the risk of lung cancer by about 50%.


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Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis

DIAGNOSE THE MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS)

Unlike other diseases, there is no test that can directly detect the 'positive or negative' for MS and tests are available to assist physicians in diagnosing, no one can be 100% sure of the diagnosis.

This means that eventually the doctors will diagnose MS by combining observation of symptoms that occur in a person and rule out other possibilities. It is called 'Clinical Diagnosis'.

Issues in Diagnosis

Unfortunately for the small number of MS patients (10-15%), it is not possible to obtain a definitive diagnosis, even after undergoing tests with a variety of test kits available. However, it could be a very important rule out the cause of the symptoms of MS are the other type, and if followed by periodic inspection and supervision on changes in patient condition, then in many cases, the diagnosis may be determined at a later date.

New Criteria for Diagnosis of MS

International Medical Council of Scientific and MSIF has concluded a new criterion for the diagnosis of MS in helping doctors distinguish between MS from other diseases that can display the same symptoms. This new criterion involves the results of the MRI scan, so it is possible to diagnose MS even if someone just showed one episode of symptoms alone. With the new criteria, a person can be classified as having MS, possible MS, or not MS.

Clinical diagnosis

MS at an early stage can be seen as a history of the disease with vague symptoms, which can appear sporadically over a period of time and can often be associated with a medical condition other. The symptoms are not visible and the subjective nature often difficult to communicate with doctors and health experts in the diagnosis and unfortunately the very early stages, less sympathetic treatment still is common for people with MS.

Although a person shows symptoms of MS type with a classic pattern, these symptoms should certainly meets the criteria before a doctor or neurologist can diagnose 'definite' MS clinically. These criteria are: 'Two different areas in the developing central nervous system, and these attacks occur in at least two different occasions and at least within an interval of one month, and the person is within the normal age range to get a MS attack'. Thus, although it may be a person diagnosed with 'definite' MS on the first visit to the neurologist, there is still the possibility that the diagnosis is not clear, and that the person will be referred to undergo a series of further testing.

WHAT CAN I DO?

MS is a disease that requires you to adjust your daily life throughout life. If you are only slightly or not having a physical disability, then your lifestyle and your family probably will not change at all. Nonetheless, knowledge of the disease and its potential implications can be extremely heavy burden of disease for patients and families in the surrounding areas. It all really depends on the symptoms you are experiencing and how you feel. These symptoms may appear or occur continuously at different times. The severity of these symptoms often determine the extent to which MS will affect your life.

Many people with MS said that they need to make plans ahead of time than usual and they did before they had to change some of the activities and their schedules. If fatigue is a problem, for example, some of the short rest periods each day can help you continue your routine work, but with a slightly slower tempo.

Physical Exercise

Physiotherapy and regular exercise can help keep your fitness as possible. You and your doctor may be able to discuss what therapy or exercise programs are good for you. Perhaps having physiotherapy on a regular enough or do specific exercises at home. Many people who feel that swimming, yoga, and riding will help. Any exercise that you enjoy and can make you feel comfortable will be useful. In addition to maintaining good muscle tone, exercise can be a good way to release tension and to relax. Local and national MS society you can offer recreation or exercise programs that can help, or recommend facilities or health workers to provide these activities.

Dietary

Over the years, has filed a number of diet for MS, which may only been done for a disease with no known cause or cure. Others with recommended diets and contradict each character, will make more sense if you do nutritionally balanced diet will ensure you get all the vitamins and minerals needed. Some people feel that a diet low in animal fats and high in unsaturated fat is helpful to them. It would be better to discuss any changes in your diet with your doctor or dietitian.

Work planning

Because MS over time can lead to physical and cognitive disability, it is natural for you to evaluate your work in realistic conditions with regard to the possibility of change. If your job is very physically demanding, you may want to consider alternatives for another job or trying to reduce the physical activity of your work. For other jobs that are sedentary, physical limitations you may not be a great impact and you may be able to keep working for many years to come. Career advisers and specialized training may be available in your country.

Changes in Family

One of the problems that are very difficult to overcome for married couples after a diagnosis of MS is the possibility of change in their respective roles. In the future, this possibility should be seen together. A family that has income from two sources may have to learn to live with just one source of income. One of the couple may need to take additional responsibility for doing homework and taking care of the children. Full and open discussion is the key to success to address important changes like this.

DIAGNOSTIC TEST

Here is a brief guide on the diagnostic test most frequently used, what is included in it and the extent to which the test tool can give an explanation to you. Physician and neurologist may want you to undergo the entire examination before making a clinical diagnosis.

Medical History

The doctor will ask you detailed medical history, including your medical records in the past about the signs and symptoms and also about the condition of your health now.

If the symptoms you've ever experienced, which may occur in the long term, be examined, the pattern of symptoms that can be obtained referring to the MS disease. However, physical examination and complete medical testing is still needed to ensure the diagnosis.

Examination of Neural

Neurological examination showed how well your nervous system is functioning. Neurologist will test abnormality that occurs in the flow of nerve that carries messages from the brain to other parts of your body. They will pay attention to changes in eye movements, body balance coordination, weakness, balance, feeling (sense of touch), speech, and reflexes.

This examination may also reveal that refer to the disease symptoms of MS, but can not be used to determine what is causing these symptoms there. Should disregard the previous conditions that may cause similar symptoms as MS.

Testing by using Visual, Auditory and somatosensory Evoked Potentials (VEP, AEP, and SEP)

Despite its name twister, primacy of these tests is its directness. These tests measure the speed of a message traveling from the brain to nerves.

Speed ​​messages through the nervous system is measured by placing small electrodes on the head, which monitors brain waves response to visual stimuli and audio (hearing) or to sensory stimuli. It is very helpful of the three tests is the potential for visual although nowadays, along with the increasing use of MRI, this test is not so often anymore necessary. VEP tests AEP and SEP are not invasive or painful and does not require hospitalization at the hospital.

The time it takes nerve to deliver a message from the brain is an indicator of the condition of the nervous system and is used to determine whether there demyelinating arising.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

The MRI scanner is the latest diagnostic tools and gives a detailed overview of 'slices' of the brain and spinal cord, exposing the wound areas (lesions or plaques) that may exist.

During the MRI scan, the person undergoing the examination must lie very still on a table that is inserted into the large tube that is part of the machine that contains the magnet. People who do a sit in different rooms while watching the image receiving apparatus; but they were able to see patients who are undergoing examination, usually through a large window.

MRI examination is not painful, but many people feel a very unusual experience, which may be a fear of narrow and dark places (claustrophobia) or feel noisy / rowdy. All these inconveniences can be reduced with sedation. Sometimes it done anyway injection gadolinium-containing contrast material into the blood vessels that can highlight all areas of inflammation and can help make the diagnosis.

It is important to remember that the people who did the testing is not always able to provide feedback directly to you and the scanned image will be sent to your doctor for analysis.

Although this test is the only test tool that can show the lesions in MS, the test results can not be considered a conclusive result. The scanner may not be able to map all lesions, especially in the early stages of the disease, and several other conditions may show similar changes in the nervous system.

MRI that shows the size, quantity, and distribution of lesions, supported by evidence from the medical history and neurological examination, then this becomes a very significant indicator to confirm the diagnosis of MS. It shows more than 95% abnormality with specific clinical diagnosis. MRI is a very useful tool in clinical trials to test the reliability of new therapies, such therapies are associated with the ability to demonstrate changes in disease activity.

Lumbar Puncture

There are several tests that can be performed with fluid spinal marrow (the liquid flowing in the brain and spinal marrow), but related to MS disease, which examined the patterns are formed by proteins.

This fluid taken from the spinal marrow by inserting a needle in the lower back. To numb the skin then given a local anesthetic, and although uncomfortable, this examination is generally painless.

This inspection requires people who undergo testing to sleep on her back for some time after pemgambilan sample, and after testing headache may occur as a side effect of lack of fluids; These side effects can be reduced by drinking immediately after being examined, to help the body replace fluids spinal marrow missing. Some people require hospital care and require a longer time for healing.

Protein in bone marrow fluid behind the majority (90%) patients with MS to form a certain pattern when electrified, thus this procedure can potentially confirm the diagnosis of MS. However, the protein liquids spinal marrow in patients with early-stage MS or MS light is not always show the same pattern, thus the result is again uncertain. Frequent MRI results become uncertain.

MS AND MATTERS RELATING TO DUTIES AS PARENTS

The decision to have a family should be considered carefully when one or a couple diagnosed with MS. Many couples who are concerned about the risk that their children will also be affected by MS. It is important to remember that when compared with the general population of children with MS is a risk for contracting the disease increases slightly, but the risk is still very low.

Although not yet certain that the MS can be lowered, close relatives of MS patients have a higher risk when compared with people in general who do not have any family connection with people with MS. Results of research on MS in the family showed that the level of risk of contracting MS in children who have a parent living with MS ranged between 3-5%, if the parents of people with MS is the only family member who contracted MS. The level of risk be varied if there are multiple family members affected by MS and MS contagious or family members of both parties, namely maternal and paternal.

Long-term consequences of the decision to have children should also be considered. Several factors such as the level of disability in the present and the future, the couple's ability to assist in the care and development of children, the potential for support from family and friends, financial security must be taken into account.

In the case of pregnancy did not reveal any effect on the risk of relapse or pregnancy, or childbirth contractions. Found a decrease in relapse rate during pregnancy is accompanied by an increase in relapse rates at six months after the baby is born. There is no evidence that MS causes infertility or cause miscarriage, birth defects, the baby died shortly after birth and complications in the process of contraction and childbirth.

Although there are no specific medications used by people with MS, there are several kinds of treatment are used to treat exacerbations and symptoms of MS. Some of them (or a combination of them) can harm the fetus. In addition, some people are on a special diet or some kind of other treatments (both medical instigation or not) is then known to be useful for the treatment of MS. Prospective parents should always discuss all manner of care and treatment with their doctors before pregnancy to assess whether the care and treatment of potentially harmful fetal development or not.

Pregnancy showed no effect, either on a long-term disability as well as the course of the disease in the long term. Breastfeeding does not show an association with relapse after giving birth, but dealing with the possibility of fatigue, which may influence the decision to use infant formula and baby nurses.

The decision to have children should not be made without considering all the possible implications. MS can affect the function of the family and the interests of children must be a primary consideration in terms of the adjustments made​​. Raising children is a long-term commitment, and the couple must be willing to consider the impact of MS for at least a period of 18 years from the time when they will be actively involved in raising children and not only during pregnancy and infancy. For example, it may be more in need of a support system for long-term conditions than other families who do not have MS. The decision to become a parent should primarily be based on the desire to form a family and because MS demands some deliberation, then the decision should not be determined.

MS AND WORK OR EDUCATION

Because MS is a disease that is very unstable, it will be very difficult to give a general answer that can be applied to any person who is diagnosed with MS. Every person infected with different ways and may experience a number of symptoms with the severity and frequency varies. The severity of the symptoms and the possibility of experiencing this inability is the level that determines whether work or school will be affected or not. The possibility of some degree of disability should not necessarily preclude the fact that people with MS may have had a productive period that continues for years.

Usually, people with benign MS disease or who have minimal symptoms and are not visible, will be able to resume work or educational activities as usual. If fatigue is a problem, then they could just make a plan on regular rest schedule in one day.

People suffering from relapsing-remitting MS or who show some level of disability, may need to evaluate their situation realistically in many ways (for example, physical condition, social, and cognitive) to determine long-term strategies and short-term employment and education in their . People with MS should work closely with the company and or educational institutions to ensure their needs will be met.

The decision to share information that you have MS is a personal decision. If you do not have visible symptoms may be no reason to reveal that you are diagnosed with MS. On the other hand, many educational institutions (for example) will provide special accommodations to people with MS, associated with class schedules, exams, enrollment requirements, and so on, while maintaining confidentiality.

Legal provisions to accommodate patients who have limited ability to vary in each country. National MS society in your country may be able to advise you about the conditions in your country.


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